Parts of Speech all about preprationx grammer

Nouns are naming words. They are words that give us the names for all the things that we come into contact with in our lives. Without them we would not be able to tell the difference between a chair and a couch or hockey and soccer! The more you know about nouns the clearer your communication will be. Nouns name things. As well as naming things we can see, such as people and places, nouns also name things we can't see, such as emotions. Abstract nouns name feelings, concepts and ideas. Examples of abstract nouns include principle, ability, Cubism, silence, pride, love, cedar, and democracy. Common nouns are used for general classes of people, places, or things. Proper nouns are the names of people, places, organizations, days, months, or titles. Collective nouns are used for groups of animals, people, or things. Abstract nouns describe qualities or states of being. Plural and Collective Nouns There are a few ways of making plurals. The following video looks at ways of making nouns plural. As you have seen there are a number of different ways to make plurals of nouns. Collective nouns are used when referring to a group of animals, people or things. When we say 'a herd of cattle' the collective noun is 'herd'. Using a collective noun can be another way of making it plural. Some examples of collective nouns are 'committee', 'class', 'fleet', 'flock' and 'litter'. Verbs Verbs express action or being, and name actions.The verb in the following example is the word 'play', it expresses action. I play cricket every Saturday. Verbs can be changed like nouns and the form they take is determined by who is doing the action and when the action occurred. The following example shows how the form of a verb may change depending on who is doing the action. I play cricket every Saturday. You play cricket every Saturday. Verbs Tense is about time: the past, present, and future. there are seven tenses in the English language. These are; Present Present perfect Present continuous Future Future perfect Read the following sentences and identify their tense. The answers can be found in the video on the next page. He walks on the beach He walked on the beach He has walked on the beach He had walked on the beach He will walk on the beach Adjectives are words that tell us something about the quality of nouns, or words that stand in for nouns: pronouns. They modify other words and tell us more about them. Adjectives Modifying NounsAdjectives Modifying Pronouns Examples: 1. Nice boss 2. Good friend 3. Lovely dinner Adjective Forms Adjectives can come in three forms. They not only tell us qualities of nouns, but they also allow us to compare the qualities of nouns. These three forms are called positive, comparative and superlative. The positive form simply states the quality. The comparative form compares the quality of two things. The superlative form compares the quality of three or more things. FormExample PositiveThe good surf was worth waiting for. ComparativeThe surf yesterday was better than the surf today. SuperlativeIt is the best surf that I have seen. The below table shows examples of other positive, comparative, and superlative adjectives. Positive Comparative Superlative TallTallerTallest SmallSmallerSmallest Prepositions The word preposition is derived from the Latin word praepositio, and means 'putting before'. A preposition is a word used to show the relationship with nouns, pronouns or other words in a sentence. • A preposition can tell time e.g. We will meet around midday. • A preposition can tell position e.g. I stayed at home today. • A preposition can tell means e.g. My friend travelled by plane. Common Prepositions Common prepositions are: about, above, across, after, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath between, by, concerning, despite, during, for, from, into, like, of, off, outside, past, regarding, since, till, to, under, until, with. Pronouns Pronouns are used to avoid repetition and to take the place of nouns (persons, places or things). Example Without PronounsExample With Pronouns John asked Sarah to the party. Sarah told John that Sarah would go with John. John said that John was very pleased that Sarah accepted John's invitation. Just like the nouns these words replace they can be singular or plural; they can refer to males or females; and they change their form depending on where they are used in a sentence. There are three main types of pronouns: Personal pronounsRelative pronounsIndefinite pronouns I/my/mine/me you/your/yours he/his/him ersonal pronounsRelative pronounsIndefinite pronouns I/my/mine/me you/your/yours he/his/him she/her/hers it/its we/our/ours/us they/their/theirs/them Pronouns All the pronouns in these sentences refer to the windsurfer, however the forms the pronouns take depend on the relationship between the person windsurfing and other parts of the sentence. Pronouns can also help us ask questions. These are called interrogative pronouns and they are: who, whom, whose, which and what. She plays cricket every Saturday. He plays cricket every Saturday. While some verbs show action, others show being or appearance. Examples of verbs showing being or appearance are: 'be', 'becomes', 'seem', 'were' and 'appear'. Examples include: My brother is very fit. We were happy yesterday. You appear to be upset. They seem sad.